Showing posts with label politics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label politics. Show all posts

Nationalism (PKC - Polity Key Concepts series) Review

Nationalism (PKC - Polity Key Concepts series)
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Nationalism (PKC - Polity Key Concepts series) ReviewProfessors John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith, both at the London School of Economics, have put together here a great collection of texts from the major writers on nationalism over the last 100 years. Starting with Ernest Renan, Joseph Stalin and Max Weber, the book also includes extracts from Benedict Anderson, Walker Connor, Partha Chatterjee, Karl Deutsch, Ernest Gellner, Liah Greenfeld, EJ Hobsbawm, Donald Horowitz, Elie Kedourie, Hans Kohn, James Mayall, Tom Nairn, and Anthony Smith himself, in addition to many others. As in Smith's _Nationalism and Modernism_, all perspectives of the field are represented here. There are 49 essays organized into seven chapters, complete with an introduction to each plus notes, a bibliography, information about each author and an index.
This book is a definite must for anyone interested in nationalism.Nationalism (PKC - Polity Key Concepts series) OverviewFor the last two centuries, nationalism has been a central feature of society and politics. Few ideologies can match its power and resonance, and no other political movement and symbolic language has such worldwide appeal and resilience. But nationalism is also a form of public culture and political religion, which draws on much older cultural and symbolic forms.
Seeking to do justice to these different facets of nationalism, the second edition of this popular and respected overview has been revised and updated with contemporary developments and the latest scholarly work. It aims to provide a concise and accessible introduction to the core concepts and varieties of nationalist ideology; a clear analysis of the major competing paradigms and theories of nations and nationalism; a critical account of the often opposed histories and periodization of the nation and nationalism; and an assessment of the prospects of nationalism and its continued global power and persistence.
Broad and comparative in scope, the book is strongly interdisciplinary, drawing on ideas and insights from history, political science, sociology and anthropology. The focus is theoretical, but it also includes a fresh examination of some of the main historical and contemporary empirical contributions to the literature on the subject. It will continue to be an invaluable resource for students of nationalism across the social sciences.

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Civilization and Its Enemies: The Next Stage of History Review

Civilization and Its Enemies: The Next Stage of History
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Civilization and Its Enemies: The Next Stage of History ReviewThe catastrophic event that has come to be known simply as 9/11 was unique in American history. We had been brutally attacked. But by whom? Not by another country, as we soon discovered. Not by some vile dictator or head-of-state, as we later discovered. So who? Who was the enemy? Then, of course, came the question: Why were the World Trade Center and the Pentagon attacked in the first place? Why would someone deliberately, maliciously murder thousands of ordinary, innocent people?

"Civilization and Its Enemies" is an attempt by Lee Harris to answer these and other questions. The work is a brilliant analysis of the current geopolitical situation and how it came to be what it is. More significantly, it provides an insight into the historical precipitates and intellectual foundations and foibles which may account for the 9/11 tragedy.

"The subject of this book," says Harris on the opening page, "is forgetfulness." Modern civilization has forgotten how it became civilized in the first place; it isn't knowledgeable of the long period of cultural evolution involved; and it doesn't remember the tremendous amount of labor, cultural and intellectual, that went into the development of civil society. Moreover, modern civilization has forgotten about a category called "the enemy." This concept of the enemy -- someone who is willing to die to kill another -- had been discarded from our moral and political discourse. And that fact, according to Harris, has left modern civilization vulnerable to attack by those who are the enemy of civilized society.

This is an interesting thesis and, at first glance, may appear to be an implausible explanation for the 9/11 tragedy which was, according to the author, an end in itself and not a means to some other political or social end. Many contemporary observers may find this latter statement problematic since we are so accustomed to thinking in terms of warfare as a means to an end. Harris suggests that our ordinary understanding about what wars are and why they are fought is not applicable to the current conflict with terrorism. The nature of the game, so to speak, has changed and so has the enemy, and 9/11 was a manifestation of that change.

So, who is this enemy and what is his intent? How did civilization get itself into this situation where it became so vulnerable to this enemy? What is the historical backdrop? What were the social and cultural influences? Who or what is really responsible? What can modern civilization do, if anything, to protect itself? Harris's discussion of these questions takes the reader on a tour through the development of civilization from antiquity to the present day, forming the framework with which he analyzes our current dilemma and providing a rationale for his conclusions.

One of the most interesting of his discussions has to do with what Harris calls "fantasy ideology" and the related "transformative belief." He also points out the difference between abstract reasoning and concrete reasoning and discusses the "fanaticism" of abstract thought, important elements in the presentation of his argument. His concept of fantasy ideology is familiar to me because, while I use a different term to describe the phenomenon, it appears to be a subcategory of what I have called "intellectual insanity" in my own writings. Modern intellectuals are particularly susceptible to this type of thinking, which eventually leads them into the irrational abyss of moral and cultural relativism, epistemological subjectivism, metaphysical idealism, politicism, and scientism.

Harris does more, of course, than just provide us with the historical background and intellectual underpinnings which have led to our present situation. He deals with the practical matter of our current conflict with "the enemy," giving us his prescriptions about how we should meet and confront the problem in the very real context within which we have to deal with it. Many intellectuals, especially those in the academic enterprise, will recoil at some of his suggestions.

But the problem we face today, the author says, is this: "The ideals that our intellectuals have been instilling in us are utopian ideals, designed for men and women who know no enemy and who do not need to take precautions against him." These utopian ideals are dangerous because they are out of touch with the situation as it really is. The new enemy of civilization does not play his "war" game according to the rules we are used to; indeed, as far as he is concerned there are no rules at all. Our intellectuals and those who influence our social and political policies must come to realize this. Our old categories of thought and analysis will no longer suffice. And this brings Harris to what may be his most controversial conclusion as far as the academic intellectuals are concerned.

Only the United States can play the sovereign in today's world. And if the use of force is necessary to defend civilization, then America will have to use it. At the same time Harris realizes the responsibilities involved in this type of action and points out the necessity, and dilemma, of being ruthless in the defense of civilization while not succumbing to ruthlessness itself. However, because it has produced, over a long period of time and through many sociopolitical conflicts, a practical design for solving and settling problems without resorting to massive ruthlessness, the United States is the only nation which can do the job required if civilization is to be defended and the enemy defeated.

This is an important book that every American citizen should read. It should be required reading for our college and university students who are so desperately in need of intellectual guidance through the realities of the current geopolitical conflict which puts civilization itself in jeopardy. My only criticism of the book is that Harris needs to recognize there are some intellectuals around who don't subscribe to utopian fantasies and the fanaticism of abstract thought. I like to think I'm one of them.Civilization and Its Enemies: The Next Stage of History Overview

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Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing Review

Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing
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Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing ReviewVoting is a complex subject. There are a number of democratic systems which can give different results, and encourage different behavior from parties, voters, candidates, and officeholders. Until recently, mathematical results such as Arrow's theorem made us believe that any system was doomed to fail in at least one of several important ways. That's too bad, because a bad system like plurality can doom us to bad results like complacent, corrupt two-party domination.
This book shares more recent findings which show that, using ratings or "judgement" instead of rankings or "choice", there are ways around the worst problems of Arrow's theorem. (And, judging by his review above, Kenneth Arrow himself agrees.) In particular, the eponymous voting method proposed here would be both fairer and more strategy-resistant than any system widely used today. It is also at least as simple, fair, and strategy-resistant as any alternative proposal, and better in at least one of those regards.
Better voting systems would mean healthier democracy. For instance, it's hard to imagine that a true democracy - without officials who simultaneously beholden to contributers and insulated from voters by the two-party trap - would have allowed those responsible for the current financial crisis to have profited from it instead of facing criminal charges.
This is an important issue and a groundbreaking book.Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing Overview"This is an important book destined to provoke considerable controversy.Inspired by a deep understanding of practice -- ranking students, skaters, wines --it goes beyond impossibility theorems to constructively challenge the dominantapproach to the design of voting procedures with a new theory, supported byextensive experimental evidence." Martin Shubik , Seymour KnoxProfessor Emeritus of Mathematical Institutional Economics, YaleUniversity

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Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 Review

Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848
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Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 ReviewWilliam H. Sewell argues that the analysis of early nineteenth century French labor idiom reveals its roots were firmly established in Ancien Regime artisan   corporations. Revealing what the author calls a "little- noticed paradox," Sewell discovered "the discourse of revolutionary workers of 1848 was laced with seemingly archaic terminology dating from the guild and corporate system of the old regime ... founded on a very old sense of craft community." Although intended to incorporate the elements of social history and langage, Sewell adds that a thorough understanding of the overall political perspective is essential to this well-rounded study. His argument is convincing and his methods, at the time of publication, must have shed new light on the historical profession. Sewell is up front about the limitations of his study and the methods he incorporates, however. Admitting he prefers to avoid existing historiographical debates, the author stresses he is "attempting to sketch out a new map that will indicate relations between already explored regions and suggest useful approaches to those not yet explored." Pointing out that historical evidence of labor, particularly in France, is primarily confined to the local or regional level; Sewell stresses the need to incorporate an overall political ideology into the mix. Paradoxically, however, Sewell warns that political ideology emanating from Paris   may not necessarily reflect the thoughts of workers in rural regions of France. In addition, the authorl borrows methods from cultural anthropology to illustrate how such practices as religious festivals shaped peoples ideas and experiences, yet warns that not all sociological practices, such as ethnography, for instance, benefit the historian. For any historian attempting to reveal a "collective conscience" of the French labor before, during, and after the French Revolution, the task is nothing less than daunting. Regardless, his emphasis on historical methods gives strength too the notion of exploring new areas by fusing various fields of the Humanities. Sewell has synthesized his information well. His chronological approach, detailing the origins of corporate practices; particularly the Journeyman's Compagnonnage makes for interesting reading, however, his argument sometimes gets buried in the narrative. By the time the reader reaches the crux of the author's main focus-language (page 179)-one could perhaps become confused and forget the "map" the author so eloquently laid out in his opening chapters. In spite of the main argument sometimes becoming lost in the shuffle, the author's conclusions reveal a well-researched thesis and a significant postmodern contribution to the history of labor.Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 OverviewWork and Revolution in France is particularly appropriate for students of French history interested in the crucial revolutions that took place in 1789, 1830, and 1848. Sewell has reconstructed the artisans' world from the corporate communities of the old regime, through the revolutions in 1789 and 1830, to the socialist experiments of 1848. Research has revealed that the most important class struggles took place in craft workshops, not in 'dark satanic mills'. In the 1830s and 1840s, workers combined the collectivism of the corporate guild tradition with the egalitarianism of the revolutionary tradition, producing a distinct artisan form of socialism and class consciousness that climaxed in the Parisian Revolution of 1848. The book follows artisans into their everyday experience of work, fellowship, and struggles and places their history in the context of wider political, economic, and social developments. Sewell analyzes the 'language of labor' in the broadest sense, dealing not only with what the workers and others wrote and said about labour but with the whole range of institutional conventions, economic practices, social struggles, ritual gestures, customs, and actions that gave the workers' world a comprehensive shape.

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Africa Rising: How 900 Million African Consumers Offer More Than You Think Review

Africa Rising: How 900 Million African Consumers Offer More Than You Think
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Africa Rising: How 900 Million African Consumers Offer More Than You Think ReviewThe strength of this book, which is my reason for giving it four stars, is that provides a positive perspective on Africa that stresses just how much innovation is underway there, a valuable counterbalance to the general bleak evalations of its economic growth, and that it adds to a major and, for me, vital shift in thinking about development and aid. It has a lot of weaknesses when it moves beyond its largely consumer market focus, however.
This is a marketing expert's book, written by someone with first-rate knowledge and a wealth of experience and corporate contacts. It challneges the old development community assumtions about the population in the undeveloped world being largely helpless, ignorant and adrift. That community mostly views its own capabilities as being wiser, knowing better and being more qualified to define plans and investments than they. Its priorities have been grand schemes, infrastructure projects and close collaborations with governemt and international agencies. I strongly recommend Easterley's demolition of this perspective in his book The Whte Man's Burden. Like Africa Rising, he argues for a bottom-up focus on giving local entrepreneurs the tools and limied help they need and will quickly exploit. There is a huge pool of entrepreneurial energy among small business owners, farmers, taxi drivers, entertainment providers and many others. Far from being lazy or ignorant, they are street-smart and energetic. Africa Rising shows plenty of instances, and also points to such multinationals as Unilver and Coca-Cola in stimulating demand and meeting widespread needs. The exammples are interesting and often striking. Nollywood, the rapidly expanding Nigeria-based (hence the "N")is a major producer of films, for instance, and the equal of Bollywood as a social force. Many of the book's examples come from the FMCG field -- fast moving consumer goods -- and the book shows many specific instances in beer, washng powders and househld items. As in all parts of the world, local mobile phone services are another growth area. New airlines are popping up around the region. The total market is an estimated $900 billion economy. The author argues, like Easterley, for Trade not Aid as the driver for growth.
Here, the book achieves its main goal: to provide a picture of Africa as opportunity and Africans as innovators and enrepreneurs. This is the four star element of the book. It is positive and changes how a reader sees Africa.
The weaknesses are when it moves to broader topics. There are too many cases that are really just claims, often from central government, that just do not hold up. For example, one comapny, RGC of Sierra Leone, is reported as having implemented a city-wide Wifi/Wimax service in Freetown (the other two cities are Taipei and Philadelphia. The evidence for this is the much-repeated and often word-by-word inclusion in articles of an RGC press announcement. It's more than dubious, as are the use of comparable paeons to intelligent campuses for software development, favorable comparisons with Singapore and Dubais infrastructure deveopments, examples of major successful government programs in education and many other modernization claims. These do not hold up to detailed exploration and a weakness of the book is its use of scattershot references from magazines and newspapers. The author frequently argues that Africa is in many areas ahead of and richer than India and China. This is not convincing without far more detailed analysis and statistical rather than anecdotal evidence. Many relevant topics are ignored especially the wider social realities of the rural/urban divide. It is a book with no real economic analysis. So, for instance, much is made of Highladd teas, a Kenyan estate that has built up its production and sales of tea. Well.... Kenya is the largest exporter of teas but the prices have halved wordldwide and machnes have displaced thousands of workers. Tea is produced by poor peasants -- the average daily wage is $1-2 in Kenya, China and India. So, yes, the HIghland example is a nice one but it is just that; it doesn't add up to anything beyond the story. While the author mentions in passing the problems of civil war, AIDS and governement corruption, they are the vague background in his opimistic portrayals. Zimbawe includes many small and resourceful entrepreneurs but what is ignored is the mass starvation that is part of the same street scenes and the hospital system is in collapse. The data presented on the wealth of Arica seems very skewed by aggregate figures that seem to be heavily weighted by oil revenues. Very, very little of that income gets passed to workers and to funding of real programs.

Overall, the book presents just a tiny part of a complex picture but it does present it well. It's heavily marketing-centered. It's weak on data and social/political/education/health issues. I disagree with at least half of its analysis and conclusions, which makes it useful in challenging me to shift my own picture and assumptions. This is why I recommend it. It offers a very different focus from alnost all the books I read on international development and my own writing on the topic shares his Trade not Aid viewpoint. This makes it a valuable contribution to the debate and a useful contribution that I wish my World Bank, UN and academic colleagues read.
So, four stars and a thank you to the author for shedding a new light on a topic critical for the future of us all. May Africa continue to rise!Africa Rising: How 900 Million African Consumers Offer More Than You Think OverviewProfit from the World's Largest Untapped Market: Africa's MORE THAN 900 MILLION Consumers! "This book lays out a powerful portrait of the growing opportunities in Africa. It is clear to us that any global firm interested in growth must see Africa as an essential part of its portfolio." --E. Neville Isdell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,The Coca-Cola Company, USA "While we consider Africa one of our most important markets, we are very aware that it is often overlooked as a place to conduct sustainable business. This book shows that Africa offers opportunities equal to other developing regions that receive more attention. Through the Diageo Africa Business Reporting Awards, we have committed to promoting high-quality coverage of the business environment in Africa. This book makes an important contribution in providing a vivid picture of the African market opportunity." --Paul Walsh, Chief Executive Officer, Diageo, UK"This book presents a compelling argument for waking up to the potential of a continent with a population of over 900 million and a high rate of growth. The African continent is rich in natural resources and presents opportunities across a wide cross-section of industrial and commercial areas for companies with appropriate business strategies and a genuine commitment to improving the quality of life of the local population." --Ratan N. Tata, Chairman, Tata Group, India"Unilever has invested in Africa for over a century and is committed to building strong market positions in the region by meeting the needs of African consumers. As this book highlights, the opportunities for consumer goods companies are considerable and the potential to do business in Africa is much greater than many companies realize."--Patrick Cescau, Global CEO, Unilever, UK"Bravo. The timing of this book is perfect. It will be much quoted. I especially like how Professor Mahajan uses the voices of Africans to bring it to life, alongside the research." --Barbara James, former Managing Director of the African Venture Capital Association and founder of the Henshaw Funds, the first independent pan-African private equity Fund of Funds, Nigeria/UKWith more than 900 million consumers, the continent of Africa is one of the world's fastest growing markets. In Africa Rising, renowned global business consultant Vijay Mahajan reveals this remarkable marketplace as a continent with massive needs and surprising buying power. Crossing thousands of miles across the continent, he shares the lessons that Africa's businesses have learned about succeeding on the continent...shows how global companies are succeeding despite Africa's unique political, economic, and resource challenges...introduces local entrepreneurs and foreign investors who are building a remarkable spectrum of profitable and sustainable business opportunities even in the most challenging locations...reveals how India and China are staking out huge positions throughout Africa...and shows the power of the diaspora in driving investment and development. Recognize that Africa is richer than you thinkAfrica is richer than India on the basis of gross national income (GNI) per capita, and a dozen African countries have a higher GNI per capita than China.

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Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin: Forty Years of Funny Stuff Review

Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin: Forty Years of Funny Stuff
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Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin: Forty Years of Funny Stuff ReviewThoroughly delightful. Calvin's collection is LOL entertaining and certain to lift your spirits. Now I know what happened to my mother's favorite, chicken a la king. Maybe the chicken croquettes are there as well.Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin: Forty Years of Funny Stuff OverviewFor at least forty years, Calvin Trillin has committed blatant acts of funniness all over the place—in The New Yorker, in one-man off-Broadway shows, in his "deadline poetry" for The Nation, in comic novels like Tepper Isn't Going Out, in books chronicling his adventures as a happy eater, and in the column USA Today called "simply the funniest regular column in journalism."Now Trillin selects the best of his funny stuff and organizes it into topics like high finance ("My long-term investment strategy has been criticized as being entirely too dependent on Publishers Clearing House Sweepstakes") and the literary life ("The average shelf life of a book is somewhere between milk and yogurt.")In Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin, the author deals with such subjects as the horrors of witnessing a voodoo economics ceremony and the mystery of how his mother managed for thirty years to feed her family nothing but leftovers ("We have a team of anthropologists in there now looking for the original meal") and the true story behind the Shoe Bomber: "The one terrorist in England with a sense of humor, a man known as Khalid the Droll, had said to the cell, 'I bet I can get them all to take off their shoes in airports.' " He remembers Sarah Palin with a poem called "On a Clear Day, I See Vladivostok" and John Edwards with one called "Yes, I Know He's a Mill Worker's Son, but There's Hollywood in That Hair." In this, the definitive collection of his humor, Calvin Trillin is prescient, insightful, and invariably hilarious.

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On Nature and Language Review

On Nature and Language
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On Nature and Language ReviewIn an age of technology where everything is demoted to 4-character acronyms and semi-colons followed by parenthesis, we actually forgwt that words have meanings. Words derived from the need to communicate. Perhaps this lack of understanding of language and semantics, has led to the overall inability to communicate, even in an era where mass communication is encircling the globe. Chomsky is the champion of intellect and language. His insight and research and philosophy make this, of course, required reading for every writer, politician, or communicator.On Nature and Language Overview

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French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States Review

French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, and Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States
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French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States ReviewI bought this for my mother based on the review, figuring if she didn't like it, I would. She is a highly educated person, but wasn't familiar with the topic, and I thought it would introduce her to some of the theory that I use, etc. and give her some kind of entry into my academic world.
No dice - she found that you have to already be familiar with the topic to get anything out of this. After reading it, I agree. I found it wholly fascinating, but can understand why someone else who is not in this environment would be lost. The writer makes many assumptions regarding the reader - it's NOT an introduction by any stretch of the imagination.
That being said, it's a good book.
French Theory: How Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, & Co. Transformed the Intellectual Life of the United States Overview"In such a difficult genre, full of traps and obstacles, French Theory is a success and a remarkable book in every respect: it is fair, balanced, and informed. I am sure this book will become the reference on both sides of the Atlantic." —Jacques Derrida

During the last three decades of the twentieth century, a disparate group of radical French thinkers achieved an improbable level of influence and fame in the United States. Compared by at least one journalist to the British rock 'n' roll invasion, the arrival of works by Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard, Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari on American shores in the late 1970s and 1980s caused a sensation.

Outside the academy, "French theory" had a profound impact on the era's emerging identity politics while also becoming, in the 1980s, the target of right-wing propagandists. At the same time in academic departments across the country, their poststructuralist form of radical suspicion transformed disciplines from literature to anthropology to architecture. By the 1990s, French theory was woven deeply into America's cultural and intellectual fabric.

French Theory is the first comprehensive account of the American fortunes of these unlikely philosophical celebrities. François Cusset looks at why America proved to be such fertile ground for French theory, how such demanding writings could become so widely influential, and the peculiarly American readings of these works. Reveling in the gossipy history, Cusset also provides a lively exploration of the many provocative critical practices inspired by French theory. Ultimately, he dares to shine a bright light on the exultation of these thinkers to assess the relevance of critical theory to social and political activism today-showing, finally, how French theory has become inextricably bound with American life.

François Cusset, a writer and intellectual historian, teaches contemporary French thought in Paris at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques and at Columbia University's Reid Hall. His books include Queer Critics and La Décennie.

Jeff Fort is assistant professor of French at the University of California, Davis. He has translated works by Maurice Blanchot, Jean Genet, and Jean-Luc Nancy.


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French Beans and Food Scares: Culture and Commerce in an Anxious Age Review

French Beans and Food Scares: Culture and Commerce in an Anxious Age
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French Beans and Food Scares: Culture and Commerce in an Anxious Age ReviewThis book was a pleasure to read. Part of the enjoyment derived from the delightful writing style which is rare in academic books explaining complex topics like this. However, a great deal of the pleasure came from the author's comprehensive research, including extensive interviews, and her extremely sophisticated analysis. Among other things, she explores the historical bases of two contemporary global networks trading in highly perishable vegetables and clearly demonstrates the continued influence of colonial ties in the contemporary links between African vegetable growers and European retailers. This is something often mentioned but rarely demonstrated in such convincing detail as it is here. I was also particular impressed with the author's detailed exploration of the contemporary social and cultural factors (including media influence) that have produced quite different fresh vegetable retailing behavior in France and U.K. She shows how this, in turn, contributes to different sets of relationships between growers, middlemen and retailers and among African growers themselves. It is one of the most interesting books I have read to date in the area of global horticultural chains and networks and establishes a very high standard against which to measure similar publications. Anyone interested in globalization, food studies, horticultural production in Africa, contemporary European food retailing and supermarket chains, would learn a great deal from this book.
French Beans and Food Scares: Culture and Commerce in an Anxious Age OverviewFrom mad cows to McDonaldization to genetically modified maize, European food scares and controversies at the turn of the millennium provoked anxieties about the perils hidden in an increasingly industrialized, internationalized food supply.These food fears have cast a shadow as long as Africa, where farmers struggle to meet European demand for the certifiably clean green bean.But the trade in fresh foods between Africa and Europe is hardly uniform. Britain and France still do business mostly with their former colonies, in ways that differ as dramatically as their national cuisines.The British buy their "baby veg" from industrial-scale farms, pre-packaged and pre-trimmed; the French, meanwhile, prefer their green beans naked, and produced by peasants. Managers and technologists coordinate the baby veg trade between Anglophone Africa and Britain, whereas an assortment of commercants and self-styled agro-entrepreneurs run the French bean trade. Globalization, then, has not erased cultural difference in the world of food and trade, but instead has stretched it to a transnational scale.French Beans and Food Scares explores the cultural economies of two "non-traditional" commodity trades between Africa and Europe--one anglophone, the other francophone--in order to show not only why they differ but also how both have felt the fall-out of the wealthy world's food scares. In a voyage that begins in the mid-19th century and ends in the early 21st, passing by way of Paris, London, Burkina Faso and Zambia, French Beans and Food Scares illuminates the daily work of exporters, importers and other invisible intermediaries in the global fresh food economy. These intermediaries' accounts provide a unique perspective on the practical and ethical challenges of globalized food trading in an anxious age.They also show how postcolonial ties shape not only different societies' geographies of food supply, but also their very ideas about what makes food good.

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The American Language Review

The American Language
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The American Language ReviewWe all knew Mencken was a master of wit, but little did we know that his mastery of words could also be introspective to the language itself. As a linguistics major, I found this tome extremely interesting. If you want meticulous detail on the historyu and the divergence from the British English, snap this book up. If you're still not satisfied, hunt around for the appedices he wrote later in his life.The American Language Overview

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You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity Review

You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity
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You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity ReviewDo you split infinitives and dare to think yourself reasonably intelligent? Do you regularly end sentences with prepositions and refuse to believe the end of civilization is nigh? Are you or are you not threatened by ebonics or worried (or not) that Spanish is going to swamp English? This is the book for you.
Lane Green's You Are What You Speak is sharp, funny and filled with insight into the politics and pretense of languages' guardians and scolds. Cutting right to the chase, Green gives us a brief history of grammar grouches from Cicero and John Dryden to modern day cranks like David Foster Wallace and that queen of cranks, Lynne Truss. In doing so, Green not only reassures us that language isn't going to hell in a hand basket--only a small minority have ever thought so--but that it is flourishing as it should, from the speakers' needs.
More importantly, his considerable depth of learning debunks many myths. The split infinitive police are supported not by facts but early grammarians who based their rules on their knowledge of Latin (where it is impossible to split one-word infinitives). In English though, it is possible to do so and only undesirable when it creates confusion. As for dangling preps, Green says, by all means do. There is no reason not to, and for clarity's sake, plenty of reasons to go ahead. He provides some delightful examples of when following the dangling prep rule is preposterous.
The author makes the important point that a few grouches have forgotten that language created writing not vice-versa. Hilarious criticisms of England's great poets and writers by grammarians cinches Green's argument that the scolds have lost all sense of perspective and proportion. Throughout the book he advocates clarity of thought and precision, not some hind bound adhesion to a rule established by a finger wagging grumpus. Bravo.
Subsequent chapters deal with the link between nation-building and national language, the politics of language and the sub rosa agenda of politicians when they deride and decry Black English or the "rise" of Spanish speaking Americans. The French Academy's efforts to stem the tide of English seems rather like herding cats, and an explanation of Chinese and Japanese alphabets instills a new respect for the often caricatured Asian nerd.
You Are What You Speak is the very best sort of language exercise: clear, entertaining and educative. Absolutely terrific!You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity Overview"An insightful, accessible examination of the way in which day-to-day speech is tangled in a complicated web of history, politics, race, economics and power." - KirkusWhat is it about other people's language that moves some of us to anxiety or even rage? For centuries, sticklers the world over have donned the cloak of authority to control the way people use words. Now this sensational new book strikes back to defend the fascinating, real-life diversity of this most basic human faculty.With the erudite yet accessible style that marks his work as a journalist, Robert Lane Greene takes readers on a rollicking tour around the world, illustrating with vivid anecdotes the role language beliefs play in shaping our identities, for good and ill. Beginning with literal myths, from the Tower of Babel to the bloody origins of the word "shibboleth," Greene shows how language "experts" went from myth-making to rule-making and from building cohesive communities to building modern nations. From the notion of one language's superiority to the common perception that phrases like "It's me" are "bad English," linguistic beliefs too often define "us" and distance "them," supporting class, ethnic, or national prejudices. In short: What we hear about language is often really about the politics of identity.Governments foolishly try to police language development (the French Academy), nationalism leads to the violent suppression of minority languages (Kurdish and Basque), and even Americans fear that the most successful language in world history (English) may be threatened by increased immigration. These false language beliefs are often tied to harmful political ends and can lead to the violation of basic human rights. Conversely, political involvement in language can sometimes prove beneficial, as with the Zionist revival of Hebrew or our present-day efforts to provide education in foreign languages essential to business, diplomacy, and intelligence. And yes, standardized languages play a crucial role in uniting modern societies.As this fascinating book shows, everything we've been taught to think about language may not be wrong—but it is often about something more than language alone. You Are What You Speak will certainly get people talking.

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